Muhammadu Buhari
Anti-corruption drive, Second Niger Bridge, Lagos-Ibadan Expressway progress. Criticized for insecurity, economic recession, and massive debt accumulation.
Performance Radar
Debt Tracker
Debt-to-Budget ratio: 38.6%
Sector Allocation
Public Sentiment Score
Mixed/Neutral
Budget by Year ($M)
Legacy Projects (13)
Port Harcourt-Maiduguri Rail (Contract Signed)
Contract signed but no significant groundwork; one of largest rail contracts in Nigeria history.
Petroleum Industry Act (PIA)
Landmark PIA signed after 20 years of attempts; restructured NNPC to NNPC Ltd; fiscal terms overhauled.
Ibadan-Abuja Road Rehabilitation
648 km road rehabilitation; multiple contractors; major delays and cost overruns.
Second Niger Bridge
1.6 km bridge at Onitsha-Asaba; opened December 2022; 60-year wait fulfilled.
Second Niger Bridge
1.6km bridge linking Asaba (Delta) to Onitsha (Anambra). Key economic corridor.
Abuja-Kaduna-Kano Expressway
375km road connecting Nigeria's three major northern cities.
Ajaokuta Steel Complex (Continued)
Buhari pledged to revive Ajaokuta; Ispat deal cancelled; Global Infrastructure Partners deal failed; still not functional after $8B+ cumulative investment.
Mambilla Hydropower Project
3,050 MW project on Taraba River; contracts signed with Chinese firms; stalled due to funding disputes.
Lagos-Ibadan Standard Gauge Rail
186 km standard gauge rail; Lagos to Ibadan; commissioned June 2021; China-financed.
CBN Anchor Borrowers Programme
N800 billion disbursed to smallholder farmers; boosted rice and wheat production but plagued by repayment defaults.
Lagos-Ibadan Expressway
167km dual carriageway connecting Lagos and Ibadan. Started under Jonathan, completed under Buhari/Tinubu.
Abuja-Kaduna Rail Line
Standard gauge rail commissioned July 2016; Abuja to Kaduna; funded by China Exim Bank.
Itakpe-Warri Rail Line
Built over 33 years; commissioned 2020; connects iron ore fields to steel complex.
Events & Crises Timeline
$25B External Debt Accumulation
Nigeria's external debt rose from $10B to $43B under Buhari; borrowed from China, World Bank, Eurobond markets for infrastructure; debt sustainability questioned.
Naira Redesign Crisis
CBN redesigned N200/500/1000 notes; acute cash crunch; ATMs empty; protests; economy disrupted in election season.
Naira Redesign Crisis
Cash swap policy causing nationwide cash shortage, protests, and economic disruption ahead of 2023 elections.
ReutersBuhari's $3B Eurobond (2021)
Nigeria raised $3B via Eurobond at 6.125%–8.375%; used for capital expenditure in 2021 budget.
Buhari's IMF $3.4B COVID Loan
IMF approved $3.4B rapid financing for Nigeria due to COVID-19; first IMF programme in 20 years; conditions attached to FX reforms.
FX Crisis & Naira Collapse
Multiple devaluations of naira; parallel market premium widened; CBN FX restrictions caused capital flight; dollar shortage.
COVID-19 Pandemic Response
NCDC managed COVID; $150M World Bank loan; economy contracted 1.8%; $1.5B IMF rapid financing; extended lockdown.
EndSARS Lekki Tollgate Massacre
Youth protest against police brutality; SARS disbanded; Lekki shooting October 20, 2020; Lagos properties burned; $1B+ economic damage.
#EndSARS Protests
Nationwide protests against police brutality (SARS unit). Lekki Toll Gate shooting on Oct 20. International condemnation.
Amnesty InternationalBuhari's China Loan ($5.3B Exim Bank)
Nigeria borrowed $5.3B from China Exim Bank for railways; collateralisation with national assets sparked national debate; Chinese access to airports alleged.